| O.J.'s Trumpet Page | Trumpet Practice |
Resonant Sound
By Derek
Reaban
Introduction
One of my earliest memories about the vibrant, ringing sound of the
trumpet happened when I was 4 or 5 years old and my family traveled to
the new
site of the London Bridge in Lake Havasu City, Arizona to hear Harry
James
perform. While this memory is sketchy, I clearly remember his white
suit,
his marvelous stage presence, and the tremendous energy in his sound.
I'm certain that this early experience is what drew me to playing the
trumpet. The pursuit of a vibrant, resonant sound has been a personal
journey of
discovery for me with many different teachers (some that I have met
personally,
and others that I only know through their music and written
words).
I hope that you will spend the time to share in the generalizations that I have made as well as my personal experience to achieving my most resonant sound.
When we play the first note of the day there is an immediate qualitative evaluation process that is taking place. Consciously (or subconsciously) we are comparing this sound with the sound that is in our minds. Possibly this comparison is to the remembered sound that was produced on the same note from yesterday, or maybe to what we just heard on a CD or DVD of a favorite performer. It could be that this comparison is to sounds that were experienced from a live concert of a world class symphony orchestra earlier in the evening. Whatever the case, what means are at hand to improve this sound and bring it closer to that personal "ideal" sound that is always just out of reach?
When I was a freshman in college I was an "overflow" trumpet student (not being a music major and due to a full trumpet studio at the school that year). I was fortunate to study with the Horn Professor my first year and he was the first person to introduce me to the concept of the resonant center of the sound. He would always say, "Feel the sound"! He was quite a fine player and demonstrated this quality in his sound very easily. While it's true that this is what I have experienced with players that have true command of the resonant center of their instrument, this statement alone from an instructor only leads to frustration in trying to produce the same sound. Tools must be presented to the student to move closer to this personal "ideal" sound.
Presented below is a unique grouping of top-level concepts tied to specific types of exercises and ideas which have allowed me to experience my own "ideal" sound. I have arrived at the concepts to achieve this desired sound through several different sources including private instruction, extensive reading of well known brass pedagogy method books, and many off-line conversations with at least a dozen talented, articulate, and giving TPIN members. I hope this paper will provide you with a tangible means to investigate each of these ideas and then find this sound in your own playing!
Desired Sound - Vibrant, Colorful, Resonant, Centered
The Tools to Arrive at the Desired Sound
A) Strong External Sound Concept (Modeling & Definition)
Experiencing this resonant sound live
Understanding what it means to have a Centered Sound
B) Response (lip vibration) is Strongly Related to Finding the Center
Exercises Designed to Enhance Response
Breath Attacks
Leadpipe Buzzing
Whisper Tones
Extremely Soft Playing
C) Vibration Quality is Very Strongly Tied to Finding the Center
Exercises Designed to Enhance Vibration Quality
Note Bending Exercises
Pedal Tones
Mouthpiece Buzzing Alone
Glissandos on the Mouthpiece and the Horn
Lip Buzzing (Free Buzzing)
D) Strong Internal Sound Concept (Extremely Important)
Exercises to Develop Internal Sound Concept
Listening, Listening, Listening!!!
Singing and Mouthpiece Buzzing
Solfege
Mental Imagery
E) Resonance Matching is Extremely Important to Finding the Center
Focusing the space in your mouth for each note
This focus is a reaction to the air
F) The Concept of Relaxation is Crucial to Finding the Center
Exercises to Promote a Relaxed Delivery of the Air
Chris Gekker Quote
Extremely Soft Playing
Clarke Technical Studies
Breathing Bag
Alexander Technique
G) Proper Breath Support is Strongly Tied to Finding the Center
Exercises to Develop Proper Support
Many textbooks discuss this topic. For fantastic descriptions of what to consider to arrive at "proper" breath support I strongly recommend the following texts:
Bob Findley on Trumpet
Jake's Method (Don Jacoby)
Arnold Jacobs: Song and Wind
H) Visualizing the Centered Sound
External Methods (Strobe Tuner, Piano, Harmon Mute)
A. A strong external sound concept is vital to developing a vibrant, colorful sound. There are two different aspects to this concept: experiencing this resonant sound live (modeling) and understanding what it means to have a centered sound (definition).
Modeling
Finding a personal sound model that possesses this resonant quality in their sound is extremely important to "put" the sound in your head. While listening to recordings is an important step to better understand what constitutes this sound in many different types of players, it is vital to experience this resonant sound "live" many times in order to make it become a part of the fabric of your playing. Many of my personal sound models (recorded) are symphonic trumpet players (I'm strongly influenced by Mr. Herseth, James Thompson, Phil Smith, and Charlie Schlueter). Recently I have discovered this same "intensity" of sound quality in the recordings of tenor Jussi Bjorling and flutist Emmanuel Pahud. When I discovered "what" I needed to listen for, it was very easy for me to identify this vibrant sound in other musical artists. As far as "live" sound models, it is very striking to move from the two-dimensional recorded sound to the three-dimensional live sound. This live resonant sound is both heard and felt! I have made a point to hear all of my personal sound models (recorded) live, so that when I listen to recordings I can return to the live sound that I experienced in the concert halls. Carrying this one step further, once I discovered those players in my community who possessed this sound, I did everything possible to be around this sound as frequently as possible (lessons, ensembles, gigs, etc.). These various experiences have allowed me to transfer this "external" sound concept to an "internal" sound concept.
Definition
This has been my favorite part in gathering information for this topic. I have spent a great deal of time reading how different authors describe this external resonant sound using words. It has been very intriguing to see how they all try to describe this same idea using a medium that is not well suited to convey the idea. Emory Remington (the legendary trombone professor at Eastman) describes a sound that "lives" while Carmine Caruso talks about the "natural feel" of the note. James Stamp, Roy Poper, and Bob Findley all approach this idea by discussing a "colorful" sound. Many authors come at this topic from the idea of a "resonant center" and activating overtones within the harmonic structure. Other terms for this sound include slot, rub, burr, energy, core, and pitch center. The two descriptions of this external resonant sound that I like the best were written by Pat Harbison (on the sound of Bill Adam) and David Monette (on the sound of the many fine players that he works with). These quotes will put us all on the same page when qualitatively describing this external sound concept.
Pat Harbison on the Sound of Bill Adam
"When we talk about a `great sound' in the context of Mr. Adam's approach we are talking about a tone that has resonance, opulence, core, richness... These are all terms that poorly describe what we are listening for. This is unbelievably hard to describe with words, but here I am on the Internet giving it a foolish try.
For an Adam Student a `great sound' is one that has the entire harmonic spectrum present and balanced in the tone. When I play my long tones I feel like I am developing the fundamental and overtones in my trumpet sound as if I were standing in front of a brass choir tuning and balancing the notes of a chord until it sounds absolutely perfect. A great sound is both `bright' and `dark'. The full harmonic spectrum is present in every note. This is what is called resonance, center, core, and a dozen other nebulous terms by different people.
A great trumpet sound has nothing to do with musical style. It has everything to do with producing the complete harmonic spectrum of tone. When this (our definition of a `great sound') happens you know that your body is working in sympathy with the physical and acoustical properties of the instrument. Adolph Herseth has this kind of sound. So does Arturo, Maynard (in the 1960s), Freddie Hubbard, Fats Navarro, Clifford Brown, Maurice Andre, Vacchiano, and Doc Severinsen. Listen to these players and see if you can find the common qualities in their tones. It is hard to describe, but easy (I think) to hear."
David Monette on Resonance
"A brilliant, resonant sound is usually most desirable in acoustic performance. This is a sound that has both high and low components and in which the overtones are harmonically related to the fundamental in the spectrum being produced. A harmonic relationship between the fundamental and overtones in one's sound creates a resonance that can be felt as well as heard by the listener. This type of sound usually has the potential to make a more lasting musical impression on the audience. (Many of the finest players) talk about wanting as much `rub' or `burr' or `energy' in their sounds as possible. This quality gives their sound clarity, presence, and projection."
B. Enhanced response (i.e. the ability to start the lips vibrating) can be achieved through several approaches including breath attacks, leadpipe buzzing, whisper tones, and extremely soft playing.
Many of the finest teachers and performers advocate breath attacks. Notably in the reading that I have done, authors include: Carmine Caruso, David Hickman, James Stamp, Roy Poper, Charlie Vernon, and Bob Findley.
Leadpipe buzzing appears to be unique to Bill Adam and his instructor Hyram Lammers. In my limited experimentation with this technique what I notice is an immediacy of response while using the breath attack when I am leadpipe buzzing. Transferring this immediacy of response to breath attacks on the horn is very desirable and helps to align with the resonant center of the instrument.
Whisper tones are unique to David Hickman and clearly bring together breath attacks and extremely soft playing in a way that allows fine-tuning playing response at the highest performance levels.
Many authors cite extremely soft playing as the means to enhanced response most notably Herbert L. Clarke.
Breath attacks enhance ease of response. Leadpipe playing leads to immediacy of response. Applying these techniques to the middle range of the instrument, say a G in the staff, it is harder to play OFF center because the lips will respond more easily and naturally to the resonant center of the instrument for the note being played. These techniques are "self correcting" and will help the player "come down" to where the note naturally resonates on the horn.
C. The quality of the vibration can be addressed through various techniques. These include note bending exercises, pedal tones, mouthpiece buzzing alone, and glissandos on the mouthpiece and the horn.
Several prominent players advocate lip buzzing (free buzzing) in this category as well. Authors/players citing lip buzzing alone include James Stamp, Roy Poper, Tom Stevens, Hakan Hardenberger, and Michael Sachs. Key concepts include maintaining a relaxed, soft center, which will lead to a more vibrant sound. This relaxation concept aligns with everything above and I would consider this approach to lip buzzing to be most in alignment with resonance in the sound. Pursuing a "tight" lip buzz will lead you away from this sound.
D. A strong internal sound concept is crucial in arriving at a vibrant, colorful sound. The key concepts to internalizing this sound include listening to great sounds, singing or buzzing the mouthpiece focusing on hearing the pitches on the page in your head, solfege, and mental imagery.
E. Resonance matching is an extremely important component to achieving a truly centered and resonant sound in all registers of the horn. Mark Van Cleave discusses this topic in his article (http://markvancleave.com/mvcresintonation.html) under the heading Resonant Oral Cavity. He discusses matching "the resonant properties of your oral cavity with those of the horn. This is the point of greatest resonance." He gives a great example about playing a G in the staff with a resonant oral cavity for that pitch and then trying to play a low C with the same setting. He says, "the tone has thinned out as well as the volume of sound (resonance) has also been reduced. You have to adjust your oral cavity for every note."
This has been the most difficult concept for me to accept due to some guidance that I received many years ago. I remember having a conversation with an instructor (symphony trumpet player) talking about how he achieved his marvelous sound. He told me that his tongue was flat in his mouth allowing his oral cavity to be as large as possible to enhance the resonance in his sound in all registers, which is in direct contrast to the advice given by Mark Van Cleave (although it really did make sense). He also told me that just prior to making interval changes he felt a slight movement in his tongue to make the change between registers (which aligns with everything that I have read and experienced myself).
I have been considering this idea while I have been working in the James Thompson Buzzing Basics books during my vacation over the past several weeks. He talks about finding the proper balance (between lip and air) to achieve a resonant sound. What I have noticed, especially while buzzing the mouthpiece alone, is the natural movement of the tongue in the mouth to make the space in the oral cavity smaller when ascending and larger when descending. By playing his slow glissando exercises with a crescendo (p to mf) (for example second line G, to third space C, and then to fourth space E) I am very aware of this tongue movement which allows me to maintain a centered sound for all the pitches. When I was in college, my instructor always talked about generating the energy on the lower note and then backing off slightly to let the top note happen. I'm finally starting to experience this in my playing. The energy in the sound is created by the slight crescendo (the tongue is reacting to the increased air movement by slightly reducing the size of the oral cavity). Then the top note literally "pops" out because the oral cavity is now the proper size (smaller) to allow this top pitch to resonate easily on the horn.
In the John Hagstrom article from The Midwest Clinic web site (http://www.midwestclinic.org/clinicianmaterials/2001/hagstrom.pdf) he echoes the advice given by Mark Van Cleave. He says, "If you can whistle a scale and be conscious of your tongue position changing, you can begin to get the idea of how your tongue needs to focus the space in your mouth to get the optimum sound and ease of high register playing. It is important to note that the way your tongue position forms and changes is a reaction to the air." This information has allowed me to release the idea of a static large oral cavity for all registers, and focus on the proper concept (varying oral cavity based on register) for achieving this most resonant sound in all registers.
F. The concept of relaxation is crucial to finding the resonant center of the sound. Relaxation is one of the central themes in the teaching of Emory Remington. He talks about "continual relaxation" and playing the exercises "comfortably". Chris Gekker echoes this approach in his teaching. In his article on Summer Practice (found at /practice/gekker/), while discussing the Clarke Technical Studies he says that by playing extremely softly you are "connecting with your instrument on an extremely relaxed level." He goes on to say, "Form follows function. If, on a daily basis, you establish a very efficient, relaxed approach to playing the trumpet, you will eventually become a trumpeter that can, on a daily basis, play the trumpet in a relaxed, smooth, and expressive manner." I have chosen to cite these two authors, but literally all fine teachers and players adhere to this idea to achieve their resonant approach to the instrument. You have to first believe that this is possible in order to achieve it. Playing can be easy!
Also included in this category is the regular use of a "breathing bag" and the Alexander Technique in your daily practice routine.
While the breathing bag has many uses with respect to the breathing mechanism (i.e. visualizing the breath, warming up the breathing mechanism, etc.), one of the wonderful side benefits of spending two minutes using the bag before a practice session is the immediate reduction of "daily" tension. This side benefit is in itself worthy of investigating adding the breathing bag to your daily routine. For details on breathing bags see http://www.windsongpress.com and select breathing devices.
The Alexander Technique can provide the player with a tangible approach to the reduction of tension in their playing. There is significant detail involved in this technique, but sitting up straight (good posture) with your feet flat on the floor is a great way to approach it (look at how Mr. Herseth sits when he is playing). I have not investigated lessons in the Alexander Technique myself, because this area of my playing seems to be working very well on its own. I have talked with many people that have benefited greatly from several lessons. If the breathing bag suggestion and "sitting up straight" don't reduce all tension for you, Alexander Technique lessons are a possible source for improvement in this area.
G. Proper breath support is strongly tied to finding the resonant center of the sound. Donald Reinhardt specifically cites that proper breath support is related to finding the center of the sound in his method book. Emory Remington mentions that a resonant sound is not "forced or underplayed". He and Chris Gekker refer to "conversational" air, a concept that is very well described in Donald Hunsberger's book entitled "The Remington Warm-up Studies" (http://www.accuramusic.com/trmbmeth.htm). In many cases, students perceive a resonant sound to be a "loud" sound. Pushing the air to generate resonance leads the student away from the desired end goal. TPINer Rich Szabo and Arnold Jacobs come at this idea in the same way. Rich says to "Fill up and let the air out. DO NOT BLOW" (refer to http://tpin.okcu.edu/pipermail/tpin/2003-January/002741.html). Arnold Jacobs discusses playing above the zero pressure line which in essence is the same concept as "letting the air out" but approached from a different slant (refer to http://www.trumpetherald.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=15497&start=1). I highly recommend the following method books that describe breath support in a way that will lead to resonance in your sound: Bob Findley on Trumpet (http://www.bobfindley.com/methodbook.html) and Jake's Method (by Don Jacoby). Additionally, "Arnold Jacobs: Song and Wind" by Brian Frederiksen is required reading and should be in every brass players library! Please refer to http://windsongpress.com for details.
H. Visualizing the centered sound is a very important concept when first trying to discover this quality in your sound. You might wonder how it's possible to "see" sound, but it's there if you know what to look for. The closer you play a note to its resonant center, the more harmonic activity will be present in the sound. For anyone that has used a strobe tuner you know that this harmonic activity will "light-up" more of the windows on the tuner allowing you to "see" where the center of the sound is. An alternate method to the strobe tuner is to play into a piano while the Sustain pedal is pushed down. The same harmonic activity that lit up the tuner will cause many of the harmonically related strings in the piano to vibrate guiding you to a more centered sound. Another fantastic tool for discovering this vibrancy in your sound is to play a note on the horn using a Harmon mute with the stem removed. The centered note will cause the mute to buzz very strongly. It's easy to move the pitch up and down to experience where you get the strongest "buzz"! Any or all of these techniques will allow you to quickly become "more" centered in your playing, but maximum resonance requires all of the 8 major concepts in this paper to be well understood and integrated into your playing. Read on to see how events unfolded for me, leading me to my "most resonant" sound.
Finding the Center
From a quantitative perspective, the finest description that I have found to arrive at the resonant center of the instrument is in the excellent article by Mark Van Cleave entitled "Efficiency Through Resonant Intonation" which is found at http://markvancleave.com/mvcresintonation.html. I strongly recommend reading this article in order to have a clearer understanding of the concepts necessary to reach this "most resonant" sound. As described in the article, by "popping" the mouthpiece with your hand and moving up and down through the seven valve combinations you can determine the pitch level at which the instrument naturally wants to play for the specific tuning slide setting. Then by playing the horn at that same pitch level, you are assuring that you are in a position to play at the point of maximum resonance on the instrument. He also describes matching the resonant properties of the oral cavity (volume within your mouth) to the specific note being played on the horn. Once you have found this resonant sound, memorizing the tonal color is vital to transferring this sound to all registers of the instrument. I firmly believe that following these steps allowed me to experience the "most resonant" sound on my instrument, but only when coupled with the other key concepts in this overview of sound. If you are like me and still are somewhat off the mark from your ideal sound, read on.
Finding More Center
Knowing and experiencing what a truly resonant sound feels like "live" is the first step on this journey of finding more center in your sound. Understanding the mechanics of playing to the resonant center of the instrument has certainly improved my sound, but months or even years of falling short of my "ideal" sound has led to frustration. Then I had a conversation with a TPIN member who had studied with Charlie Schlueter for years (one of my personal sound models). He told me it's always possible to find more center in your sound! What a great revelation! Then I purchased the Bob Findley book, and there were these same words again, "Interestingly enough, no matter how long (even years) you search for the slot [resonant center], there can always be improvement". This is what set me on my path to discover the answers that I needed to guide me to my "most" resonant sound. I'd like to try and lead you to this sound with a story and my personal experience. I hope you enjoy it!
Story for Comparison to the "Relaxed Center" and True Resonance
About 10 years ago, there were some ingenious pictures that were available in just about any store that I seemed to go into. These pictures had an interesting pattern that were quite intricate in the two dimensional perspective. The instructions that accompanied these pictures suggested that you "look" about one foot into the picture, or just let your eyes relax while looking at the picture. It said with enough practice you would be able to fool your brain into perceiving a three dimensional image contained within the two dimensional image. When I first heard this, I didn't believe it. Then I found myself standing and staring quietly into some of these pictures in the stores. The first time that I tried it, I must have stared for 10 minutes, with no glimpse of the "secret" 3-D image within the 2-D picture. I tried this again, on another trip to the store, and found that if I looked at my own reflection on the glass of the picture, my results were much different.
Once my eyes were able to relax, a whole new world opened up to me in this picture. There was significant "depth" to the picture. It appeared that the picture really was about a foot deep with a very clear, large three-dimensional image present inside the picture. The more relaxed I became, the clearer the image was. When I found the secret to seeing this "secondary" picture, I would try some of the other pictures. Knowing that there was a prize to be won when staring into each of these pictures, it was always fun to invest several minutes "relaxing" into each picture. (These are now available in the Magic Eye Gallery books found at most bookstores).
This is what I perceive the finest "world class" players are "seeing" when they are listening to brass sounds (the "most" resonant sound). What is very clear to them is very difficult for the majority of people to even accept as being possible. Then, only a small number of people who can accept the concept will invest the time to be able to relax into this understanding. The time investment, however, leads to an even larger palate of sounds to choose from in painting pictures with music.
A Recipe for Resonance
Step One (Understanding Centering, Resonance Matching and Enhanced Response)
An understanding of the concepts in the Mark Van Cleave Article, coupled with one or more of the following techniques will help to put you in front of the picture: breath attacks, leadpipe buzzing, whisper tones, or extremely soft playing. This may be all that some people need to arrive at a fully resonant sound. I needed more.
Step Two (Increasing the Quality of the Vibration)
Increasing the quality of the vibrating medium (lip stuff) through one or more of the following techniques is extremely important to expanding the center of the sound: note bending exercises, pedal tones, mouthpiece buzzing alone, glissandos on the mouthpiece and the horn, and possibly lip buzzing (free buzzing). While the concept of finding "more center" was very exciting to me, I choose to believe that once the center is attained for a specific note, the way to attain "more center" is through the quality of the vibration. It's NOT moving to a bull's eye within a bull's eye, for example.
Once you are in front of the picture, to arrive at this fully resonant sound, more of your lip stuff needs to begin to vibrate. This may be the key to "falling" into the picture. I needed more.
Step Three (Relaxation and Proper Breath Support)
Focusing on relaxation (eliminating tension) and finding the balance leading to "proper" breath support through the following techniques and resources are crucial to developing the resonant center of the sound: breathing bag, Alexander Technique, "playing can be easy", Bob Findley on Trumpet, Jake's Method, and Arnold Jacobs: Song and Wind.
Any or all of these may allow the inner picture begin to emerge. I needed more.
Step Three (Sound Concept)
External Sound Concept
Experiencing players who have this sound live, many times, is vital to internalize this sound quality. Bill Adam talks about "Blowing the sound at you until you get it". I needed more.
Internal Sound Concept
Directing the mind to clearly reproduce this "most resonant" sound (strong image clarity and intensity) is vital to achieving the desired sound. Literally drowning out the sound from the bell with this internal image is a requirement to achieve vibrancy and resonance. The John Hagstrom article at the following web site provides great insights to this concept ( http://www.midwestclinic.org/clinicianmaterials/2001/hagstrom.pdf ). I needed more.
Step Four [Actual Experience (A glimpse into the Most Resonant Sound)]
The following links provide my "Some Enchanted
Evening" story as well as my take on resultant tones and overtones.
These posts are important to see what was required to fall in place for
me to experience my "most resonant" sound:
Some Enchanted Evening:
http://tpin.okcu.edu/pipermail/tpin/2003-January/002664.html
Tone Quality Improvement:
http://tpin.okcu.edu/pipermail/tpin/2003-January/002020.html
Oops:
http://tpin.okcu.edu/pipermail/tpin/2003-January/002023.
I have been thinking about what this most resonant sound "felt" like while I was playing. When I achieve my normal resonant sound, I feel like vibration is occurring in a roughly cylindrical shape (lip stuff) around my aperture and is about the diameter of a pencil. When I experienced this most resonant sound it was as if the entire cylindrical shape had grown (to literally the inner diameter of the mouthpiece - "plug" shaped), and absolutely everything was vibrating inside the mouthpiece (much more lip stuff). Essentially, the mass of the vibrating medium (my lip stuff) had at least doubled (maybe more). This increased vibration lead to a much stronger, clearer, more resonant signal. There was just so much more trumpet sound content to work with!
But to produce it consistently on demand, I needed more!
Step Five (Exploring the Words of the Great Teachers)
I literally inundated myself with words from many of the greatest teachers of the instrument until something finally clicked and "relaxed" for me. Refer to the previous posts on the "Lists of Tools" for details on each of these concepts (Posts A through H). Through this reading I found that, "My lips were just slightly too tense". AHA!
If your "Aha" experience didn't happen at the same place that mine did, hopefully you found something worthwhile in this story leading to a different answer for you. In not, keep working. It will happen with time, hard work, and your newly found knowledge! These are the ideas and exercises that allowed me to see the "secret" picture in my sound. I just hope that you will get to see it someday for yourself!
Ending
When truly playing at the resonant center of the horn, with the relaxed (soft) center of the embouchure, everything appears to have improved clarity. Not only does the sound have increased vibrancy, but also every aspect of playing is dramatically improved. Clarity of articulation as well as tonguing speed is improved. Intervals seem to jump out of the horn easily just by hearing what you want to play. Subtle differences in dynamics are possible leading to more musical results. Response is immediate at all dynamic levels. Security of playing is a given as is endurance. Freedom of expression is now a main focus of practice sessions.
In my present situation, practice time is at a
premium. It only makes sense that for real improvement to take place at
my level, I must be able to maximize the amount of time that I can
spend making music (etudes, orchestral literature, etc.). Since
everything appears to be easier to accomplish on the instrument when
playing truly "centered", it only
makes sense to focus significant time to this most important aspect of
playing. In this way, maintenance drills can be accomplished with
greater consistency and much less frustration, and ultimately in fewer
hours everyday, leaving more time for music. In the end, sound is the
one thing that we use to communicate with our audience, so this
investment in time and effort (both physical and mental) to achieve a
truly centered sound will allow technical
frustrations to fall away while the artist is allowed to emerge.
Note (June 2005): Reviewing this most resonant sound article (about 2 and a half years now since my Some Enchanted Evening experience)
I wanted to provide a link to several follow-up conversations that I have had at the Trumpet Herald web-site related to this experience:
Additional comments and a link to "Aperture Tunnel (Achieving Maximum Resonance)"
http://www.trumpetherald.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=12753
Comments from John Hagstrom and David Hickman on my Most Resonant Sound experience:
http://www.trumpetherald.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22399